5F-AKB48

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Summary sheet: 5F-AKB48
5F-AKB48
5F-AKB48.svg
Chemical Nomenclature
Common names 5F-AKB48, 5F-APINACA
Substitutive name 5F-APINACA
Systematic name N-(Adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
Class Membership
Psychoactive class Cannabinoid
Chemical class Indazolecarboxamide / Adamantane
Routes of Administration

WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. See responsible use section.


⇣ Smoked
Dosage
Threshold 0.5 mg
Light 0.5 - 1 mg
Common 1 - 2 mg
Strong 2 - 4 mg
Heavy 4 mg +
Duration
Total 30 - 60 minutes
Onset 0 - 20 minutes
Peak 10 - 30 minutes
Offset 5 - 10 minutes
After effects 15 - 30 minutes










DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy.

Interactions
2C-T-x
2C-x
5-MeO-xxT
Amphetamines
aMT
Cocaine
DMT
DOx
LSD
Mescaline
Mushrooms
25x-NBOMe
Lithium


5F-AKB48 (also known as 5F-APINACA and AKB-48F) is a synthetic cannabinoid substance of the indazolecarboxamide class. It acts as a potent agonist for the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors[1]

5F-AKB48 has been investigated in the scientific literature.[2][3][4][5] It was first identified in South Korea[6] and is available for sale as a grey area research chemical through online vendors.

Subjective effects are reported to be somewhat similar to that of cannabis with a short duration and an emphasis on intense physical sensations.

Cannabinoids are commonly smoked or vaporized to achieve a quick onset of effects and rapid offset. 5F-AKB48 is orally active when dissolved in a lipid, which can increase the duration significantly. Like other cannabinoids, it is insoluble in water but dissolves in ethanol and lipids.

Unlike cannabis, the chronic abuse of synthetic cannabinoids has been associated with multiple serious injuries deaths and more dangerous side effects and toxicity in general. Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.

Chemistry

5F-AKB48, or N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, is a synthetic indazolecarboxamide as it contains a substituted indazole group. This indazole moeity is substituted at R1 with a fluoropentyl chain, a substitution shared with 5F-PB-22. Additionally, the indazole is substituted at R3 with a carboxamide group. This carboxamide group is N-substituted at its terminal amine group with an adamantane group. This group consists of four fused cyclohexane rings in a unique structure called a diamondoid. 5F-AKB48 is an analog of STS-135 in which the core indole structure is substituted with an indazole base.

Pharmacology

Although this substance has not been formally studied, from analysis of the structure, it is presumed that 5F-AKB48 has a similar binding profile to that of other cannabinoids and matches many of the in vivo properties of Δ9-THC. However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the cannabinoid high continues to remain elusive.

Subjective effects

Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), an open research literature based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. As a result, they should be viewed with a healthy degree of skepticism.

It is also worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a predictable or reliable manner, although higher doses are more liable to induce the full spectrum of effects. Likewise, adverse effects become increasingly likely with higher doses and may include addiction, severe injury, or death ☠.

Physical effects
Child.svg

    • Spontaneous physical sensations - The "body high" of 5F-AKB48 can be described as a sharp, uncomfortable, all-encompassing, and electric tingling sensation that spreads over the body after initial ingestion. It maintains a consistent presence that quickly rises with the onset and hits its limit once the peak has been reached before immediately dissipating.
    • Motor control loss - This substance causes a partial to moderate suppression of motor control which intensifies proportional to dose, but rarely results in a complete inability to walk and perform basic movements.
    • Appetite enhancement - As with many other cannabinoids, 5F-AKB48 causes an increase in appetite[7], known colloquially as "the munchies" in popular American and United Kingdom culture. Clinical studies and survey data have found that cannabis increases food enjoyment and interest in food.[8] This is thought to be due to the way in which endocannabinoids in the hypothalamus activate cannabinoid receptors that are responsible for maintaining food intake.[8]
    • Pain relief - Cannabinoids have been clinically demonstrated to provide pain relief via agonism of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, which extends to synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists.[9][10]
    • Perception of bodily lightness
    • Changes in gravity
    • Dehydration- This is known colloquially as "cotton mouth" in popular American and United Kingdom culture.
    • Vasodilation

Cognitive effects
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Auditory effects
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Experience reports

There are currently no anecdotal reports which describe the effects of this compound within our experience index. Additional experience reports can be found here:

Toxicity and harm potential

Further information: Synthetic cannabinoid § Toxicity and harm potential, and Research chemicals § Toxicity and harm potential

The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 5F-AKB48 use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. This is because 5F-AKB48 has very little history of human usage. Anecdotal evidence from people who have tried 5F-AKB48 within the community suggest that there do not seem to be any negative health effects attributed to simply trying this drug at low to moderate doses by itself and using it sparingly (but nothing can be completely guaranteed). Informal experiments have shown that overdose will cause physical discomfort including heart palpitations, vertigo and sedation at much lower than dangerous doses, usually causing the user to suffer large amounts of anxiety or to fall asleep.

It has often been recommended that those with severe pre-existing mental conditions should not ingest these substances due to the way they strongly increase one's current state of mind and emotions. Also, like THC, prolonged usage of synthetic cannabinoids including 5F-AKB48 may increase one's disposition to mental illness and psychosis[11], particularly in vulnerable individuals with risk factors for psychotic illnesses (like a past or family history of schizophrenia).[12]</ref>[13][14]

As synthetic cannabinoids are active in the milligram range (with below 5mg being a common dose), it is important to use proper precautions when dosing to avoid a negative experience.

It is strongly recommended that one use harm reduction practices when using this drug.

Tolerance and addiction potential

As with other synthetic cannabinoids, the chronic use of 5F-AKB48 can be considered moderately addictive with a high potential for abuse and is capable of causing psychological dependence among certain users. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage.

Tolerance to many of the effects of 5F-AKB48 develops with prolonged and repeated use. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. After that, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). 5F-AKB48 presents cross-tolerance with all cannabinoids, meaning that after the consumption of 5F-AKB48 all cannabinoids will have a reduced effect.

Dangerous interactions

Warning: Many psychoactive substances that are reasonably safe to use on their own can suddenly become dangerous and even life-threatening when combined with certain other substances. The following list provides some known dangerous interactions (although it is not guaranteed to include all of them).

Always conduct independent research (e.g. Google, DuckDuckGo, PubMed) to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Some of the listed interactions have been sourced from TripSit.

  • 2C-T-x
  • 2C-x
  • 5-MeO-xxT
  • Amphetamines - Stimulants increase anxiety levels and the risk of thought loops which can lead to negative experiences
  • aMT
  • Cocaine - Stimulants increase anxiety levels and the risk of thought loops which can lead to negative experiences
  • DMT
  • DOx
  • Lithium - Lithium is commonly prescribed in the treatment of bipolar disorder; however, there is a large body of anecdotal evidence that suggests taking it with cannabinoids can significantly increase the risk of psychosis and seizures. As a result, this combination should be strictly avoided.
  • LSD
  • Mescaline
  • Mushrooms
  • 25x-NBOMe

Legal status

  • Brazil: Possession, production and sale is illegal as it is listed on Portaria SVS/MS nº 344.[15]
  • China: As of October 2015 5F-APINACA is a controlled substance in China.[16]
  • Czech Republic: 5F-APINACA is banned in the Czech Republic.[17]
  • Germany: 5F-APINACA is controlled under Anlage II BtMG (Narcotics Act, Schedule II)[18] as of July 17, 2013.[19] It is illegal to manufacture, possess, import, export, buy, sell, procure or dispense it without a license.[20]
  • Latvia: 5F-AKB48 is a Schedule I drug.[21]
  • Switzerland: 5F-AKB48 is a controlled substance specifically named under Verzeichnis D.[22]
  • United Kingdom: 5F-AKB48 is a Class B controlled substance under the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids generic definition, which came into effect on December 14, 2016 and is illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import. [23]
  • United States: 5F-AKB48 is a Schedule I substance.[24]
  • Italy: 5F-AKB48 is a Schedule I controlled substance.[25]

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ AKB48 (APINACA) and 5F-AKB48 (5F-APINACA). | http://deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/spice/akb48.pdf
  2. ↑ Jang, M., Shin, I., Kim, J., Yang, W. (1 July 2015). "Simultaneous quantification of 37 synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry". Forensic Toxicology. 33 (2): 221–234. doi:10.1007/s11419-015-0265-x. ISSN 1860-8973. 
  3. ↑ Karinen, R., Tuv, S. S., Øiestad, E. L., Vindenes, V. (January 2015). "Concentrations of APINACA, 5F-APINACA, UR-144 and its degradant product in blood samples from six impaired drivers compared to previous reported concentrations of other synthetic cannabinoids". Forensic Science International. 246: 98–103. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.11.012. ISSN 1872-6283. 
  4. ↑ Holm, N. B., Pedersen, A. J., Dalsgaard, P. W., Linnet, K. (March 2015). "Metabolites of 5F-AKB-48, a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, identified in human urine and liver microsomal preparations using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry". Drug Testing and Analysis. 7 (3): 199–206. doi:10.1002/dta.1663. ISSN 1942-7611. 
  5. ↑ Wohlfarth, A., Castaneto, M. S., Zhu, M., Pang, S., Scheidweiler, K. B., Kronstrand, R., Huestis, M. A. (May 2015). "Pentylindole/Pentylindazole Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their 5-Fluoro Analogs Produce Different Primary Metabolites: Metabolite Profiling for AB-PINACA and 5F-AB-PINACA". The AAPS journal. 17 (3): 660–677. doi:10.1208/s12248-015-9721-0. ISSN 1550-7416. 
  6. ↑ Chung, H., Choi, H., Heo, S., Kim, E., Lee, J. (1 January 2014). "Synthetic cannabinoids abused in South Korea: drug identifications by the National Forensic Service from 2009 to June 2013". Forensic Toxicology. 32 (1): 82–88. doi:10.1007/s11419-013-0213-6. ISSN 1860-8973. 
  7. ↑ Mechoulam, R., ed. (1986). Cannabinoids as therapeutic agents. CRC Press. ISBN 9780849357725. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 How Marijuana Works, 2001 
  9. ↑ Martín-Sánchez, E., Furukawa, T. A., Taylor, J., Martin, J. L. R. (November 2009). "Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cannabis Treatment for Chronic Pain". Pain Medicine. 10 (8): 1353–1368. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00703.x. ISSN 1526-2375. 
  10. ↑ CLynch, M. E., Campbell, F. (November 2011). "Cannabinoids for treatment of chronic non-cancer pain; a systematic review of randomized trials: Cannabinoids for pain". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 72 (5): 735–744. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03970.x. ISSN 0306-5251. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Witton, J., Murray, R. M. (February 2004). "Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 184 (2): 110–117. doi:10.1192/bjp.184.2.110. ISSN 0007-1250. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Every-Palmer, S. (September 2011). "Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and psychosis: An explorative study". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 117 (2–3): 152–157. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.012. ISSN 0376-8716. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Schneir, A. B., Cullen, J., Ly, B. T. (1 March 2011). ""Spice" Girls: Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 40 (3): 296–299. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2010.10.014. ISSN 0736-4679. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Vearrier, D., Osterhoudt, K. C. (June 2010). "A Teenager With Agitation: Higher Than She Should Have Climbed". Pediatric Emergency Care. 26 (6): 462–465. doi:10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181e4f416. ISSN 0749-5161. 
  15. ↑ http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/3115436/%281%29RDC_130_2016_.pdf/fc7ea407-3ff5-4fc1-bcfe-2f37504d28b7
  16. ↑ 关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知 | http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html
  17. ↑ Látky, o které byl doplněn seznam č. 4 psychotropních látek (příloha č. 4 k nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.) | http://www.mzcr.cz/Admin/_upload/files/3/Nov%C3%A9%20PL.pdf
  18. ↑ "Anlage II BtMG" (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Retrieved December 18, 2019. 
  19. ↑ "Siebenundzwanzigste Verordnung zur Änderung betäubungsmittelrechtlicher Vorschriften" (PDF). Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2013 Teil I Nr. 37 (in German). Bundesanzeiger Verlag. July 16, 2013. pp. 2274–2275. Retrieved December 18, 2019. 
  20. ↑ "§ 29 BtMG" (in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. Retrieved December 18, 2019. 
  21. ↑ Zaudējis spēku - Noteikumi par Latvijā kontrolējamajām narkotiskajām vielām, psihotropajām vielām un prekursoriem 
  22. ↑ "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien" (in German). Bundeskanzlei [Federal Chancellery of Switzerland]. Retrieved January 1, 2020. 
  23. ↑ The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Amendment) Order 2016 
  24. ↑ 2016 - Notice of Intent: Temporary Placement of Six Synthetic Cannabinoids (5F-ADB, 5F-AMB, 5F-APINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA and MDMB-FUBINACA) Into Schedule I 
  25. ↑ Tabella 1, (PDF) (in Italian), Ministero della Salute [Ministry of Health], p. 4. Retrieved November 24, 2020.
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