Physical suppressions

Physical suppressions are defined as any subjective effect which decreases or reduces a facet of a person's physical body.

This page lists and describes the various physical enhancements which can occur under the influence of certain psychoactive compounds.

Appetite suppression

Main article: Appetite suppression

Appetite suppression can be described as the experience of a distinct decrease in a person's sense of hunger and appetite in a manner which can result in both a lesser desire to eat food and a decreased enjoyment of its taste. This typically results in the person undergoing prolonged periods of time without eating food.

Depending on the intensity, this effect can result in a sense of complete disinterest or even disgust concerning food. At times, it can often result in physical discomfort (such as Nausea) when attempting to eat food. In cases of severe appetite suppression, it is often easier for a person to consume liquid food, such as protein shakes, in order to receive the nutrition needed to function.

Appetite suppression is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as stimulation or pain relief in a manner which can lead to feeling as if one either has enough energy to not need food or has enough anaesthesthia to not feel the pain of hunger. It is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of stimulant compounds, such as amphetamine, methylphenidate, nicotine, MDMA, and cocaine. However, it may also occur under the influence of other compounds such as opioids, psychedelics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is worth noting that if these substances are used for prolonged periods of time, weight loss often occurs as a result.

Cough suppression

Main article: Cough suppression

Cough suppression can be described as a decreased desire and need to cough. This is typically regarded as a positive effect which helps alleviate a pre-existing ailment. In certain contexts, it can also allow an individual to inhale much larger amounts of smoke than they would usually be able to, without accompanying pain or the desire to cough. However, it is worth noting that the efficacy of many over the counter cough medication is questionable, particularly in children.

Cough suppression is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of antitussive compounds such as, codeine, pholcodine, dextromethorphan, noscapine, and butamirate. However, it may also occur under the influence of certain antihistamines such as promethazine.

Decreased libido

Main article: Decreased libido

Decreased libido can be described as a distinct decrease in feelings of sexual desire, the anticipation of sexual activity, and the likelihood that a person will view the context of a given situation as sexual in nature. When experienced, this effect can result in a general difficulty or complete inability to become aroused by sexual stimuli.

Decreased libido is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as emotion suppression, temporary erectile dysfunction, pain relief, and sedation. It is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages a wide variety of compounds, such as, opioids, antipsychotics and SSRI's, and dissociatives.

Motor control loss

Main article: Motor control loss

Motor control loss can be described as feeling as if there has been a distinct decrease in a person's ability to control their physical body with precision, balance, coordination, and dexterity.

At lower levels, this results in experiencing much more difficulty performing tasks which require movement of any sort. For example, simple tasks such as typing without making spelling errors, walking without staggering, or carrying a glass of water without spilling it may all become much more challenging. At higher levels, however, this state can move beyond subtle in its effects and become capable of completely disabling the person's ability to use any level of fine or gross motor control. This typically results in catatonic states in which a person cannot even walk without falling over.

Motor control loss is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as sedation and disinhibition. It is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of GABAergic depressant compounds, such as, alcohol, benzodiazepines, Carisoprodol, GHB, and phenibut. However, it may also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of other compounds such as dissociatives.

Nausea suppression

Main article: Nausea suppression

Nausea suppression can be described as a reduction in vomiting, stomach cramps, and general feelings of nausea.

A mostly comprehensive list of the most common substances which induce this effect can be found below:

5-HT3 receptor antagonists

• Drugs which bind to 5-HT3 receptors in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract are known to reduce nausea by inhibiting binding to the receptor which induces vomiting.
  • Dolasetron (Anzemet) can be administered in tablet form or in an injection.
  • Granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso) can be administered in tablet (Kytril), oral solution (Kytril), injection (Kytril), or in a single transdermal patch to the upper arm (Sancuso).
  • Ondansetron (Zofran) is administered in an oral tablet, orally dissolving tablet, orally dissolving film, or in an IV/IM injection.
  • Tropisetron (Setrovel, Navoban) can be administered in oral capsules or in injection form.
  • Palonosetron (Aloxi) can be administered in an injection or in oral capsules.
  • Mirtazapine (Remeron) is an antidepressant that has antiemetic effects and is also a potent histamine H1 antagonist.

Cannabinoids

• Cannabinoids are used in patients with cachexia, cytotoxic nausea, and vomiting or for those who are unresponsive to other agents. These may cause changes in perception, dizziness, and loss of coordination.
  • Cannabis - In the United States, this is a Schedule I drug that is legalized in many states.
  • Dronabinol (Marinol) is a Schedule III drug in the United States.
  • Synthetic cannabinoids such as nabilone (Cesamet), the JWH series, or 5F-PB-22.
  • Sativex is an oral spray containing THC and CBD. It is currently legal in Canada and a few countries in Europe, but is not legal in the United States.

Benzodiazepines

• • Midazolam given at the onset of anaesthesia has been shown in recent trials to be as effective as ondansetron.
  • Lorazepam is said to be very good as an adjunct treatment for nausea along with first line medications such as Compazine or Zofran.

Antihistamines

• H1 histamine receptor antagonists are effective for many conditions including motion sickness, morning sickness in pregnancy, and to combat opioid nausea.
  • Cyclizine
  • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • Dimenhydrinate (Gravol, Dramamine)
  • Doxylamine
  • Meclozine (Bonine, Antivert)
  • Promethazine (Pentazine, Phenergan, Promacot) can be administered via a rectal suppository for adults and children over 2 years of age.
  • Hydroxyzine

Miscellaneous

• • Dicyclomine
  • Trimethobenzamide
  • Ginger contains the 5-HT3 antagonists gingerols and shogaols.
  • Lemon essential oil is reported to be an effective anti-nausea agent. The oil can be consumed in a capsule or applied to the skin via a carrier oil.
  • Emetrol is claimed to be an effective antiemetic.
  • Propofol given intravenously has been used in an acute care setting in hospitals as a rescue therapy for emesis.
  • Peppermint is claimed to help nausea or stomach pain when added into tea or peppermint candies.
  • Muscimol
  • Ajwain is a popular nausea relieving spice in India, Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Orgasm suppression

Main article: Orgasm suppression

Orgasm depression (formally known as anorgasmia) can be described as a difficulty or complete inability to achieve orgasm despite adequate sexual stimulation. It can also include suppressed feelings during an orgasm or sexual pleasure.

This effect commonly occurs on opioids, gabapentinoids and dissociatives which have been reported to decrease one's ability to feel sexual pleasure, which may be attributed to their tactile suppressing effects or through some other biological mechanism. It is also a well-known side effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It may also be a result of the effect known as difficulty urinating which can occur on certain stimulants and entactogens. This effect has been reported to occur alongside a decrease in the strength of one's kegel muscles, which may account for the inability to achieve ejaculation and orgasm within males.

Pain relief

Main article: Pain relief

Pain relief can be described as an effect which suppresses negative sensations such as aches and pains. This can occur through a variety of different pharmacological and subjective mechanisms such as blocking the physical sensations from reaching one's conscious faculties, by covering the sensation with feelings of physical and cognitive euphoria, or by directly targetting the body part which the sensation is arising from.

Pain relief is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as muscle relaxation, physical euphoria, and sedation. It is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of a very wide variety of compounds, such as opioids, GABAergics, GABApentinoids, cannabinoids, dissociatives, muscle relaxants, and NSAID's.

Sedation

Main article: Sedation

Sedation can be described as a decrease in a person's physical energy levels which are interpreted as discouraging when it comes to wakefulness, movement, performing tasks, talkativeness, and general exercise. At lower levels, sedation typically results in feelings of general relaxation and a loss of energy. At higher levels, however, sedation typically results in the person passing out into temporary unconsciousness.

This effect is capable of manifesting itself across the 4 different levels of intensity described below:

1. Minimal sedation - At the lowest level, the person will feel subtly lower in energy and alertness. They will likely have an increased desire to sleep or at least relax in a manner which is typically possible to ignore.
2. Moderate sedation - At this level, the person will begin to drift off to sleep. However, they will still respond to noises and physical sensations if they are particularly prominent or above usual noise levels.
3. Deep sedation - At this level, the person will have drifted off into a deep sleep. They will typically be mostly unresponsive unless subjected to repeated or painful stimulation.
4. General anaesthesia - At the highest level, the person will be completely unconscious. They will be completely unarousable even with repeated painful stimulus.

Sedation is often accompanied by other coinciding effects such as muscle relaxation, thought deceleration, and sleepiness in a manner which further intensifies the person's feelings of relaxation. It is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of depressant compounds, such as opioids, GABAergics, and antipsychotics. However, it may also occur to a lesser extent under the influence of other compounds such as cannabinoids and certain psychedelics.

Seizure suppression

Main article: Seizure suppression

Seizure suppression is an effect caused by drugs known as "anticonvulsants". These drugs prevent or reduce the severity and frequency of seizures in various types of epilepsy.

The different types of anticonvulsants may act on different receptors in the brain and have different modes of action. Two mechanisms that appear to be important in anticonvulsants are an enhancement of GABA action and inhibition of sodium channel activity. Other mechanisms are the inhibition of calcium channels and glutamate receptors.

Seizure suppression is most commonly induced under the influence of moderate dosages of certain GABAergic compounds and certain cannabinoids.

See also

• Subjective effect index
• Physical enhancements
• Physical effects